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Malware embedded in certain smartphone apps and low-cost household devices is enabling global operators of large botnet networks. According to a Wall Street Journal report, these networks access home internet connections and engage in illegal activities.
These networks often rely on “residential proxy” software, which can route internet traffic through unsuspecting users’ connections. In some cases, this access may be used for activities that could draw attention from authorities, even if the user is unaware. Security researchers say users can check their network status, but identifying and fixing issues may require multiple steps.
How hackers are accessing home Wi-Fi without the user knowing
According to the report, some devices, especially low-cost or off-brand streaming devices, may already have residential proxy software installed.
In other cases, users may unknowingly install such software through apps that promise free services, such as VPNs or access to paid content.These tools allow third parties to route internet traffic through a user’s home network. While some proxy networks have legitimate uses, others may be linked to activities such as data scraping or other forms of misuse.Internet intelligence company Spur tracks such proxy networks and offers a tool to check whether a network is affected. Co-founder Riley Kilmer said users may see “observed risks” if their IP address is linked to such activity. However, he noted that shared networks, such as mobile data connections, may also show risks even if a user’s own device is not directly affected.
“If it sounds too good to be true, it likely is,” Kilmer told WSJ, referring to apps and services that offer free access to otherwise paid features.
How to keep your Wi-Fi protected
Experts recommend starting with a basic network check using tools that scan for known proxy nodes. If issues are flagged, users may need to review connected devices and installed apps.One step is to remove apps that offer payment for sharing internet bandwidth or provide free access to paid services, as these may include proxy-related software.
Free VPN apps and unofficial versions of paid games or streaming platforms are also considered higher risk.Users are also advised to review their hardware. Devices from unknown brands, such as low-cost streaming boxes or digital picture frames, may contain hidden software. Replacing such devices with products from established manufacturers can reduce potential risks.Additional steps include keeping devices updated, using trusted app sources, and regularly reviewing network activity. After removing potential risks, users can recheck their network status. If the issue was limited to their connection, it may clear within a couple of weeks.While tools can help identify risks, experts note that resolving them may take time, especially when multiple devices are connected to the same network.
